Semantika ja analüütiline filosoofia: erinevus redaktsioonide vahel

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= Presentation schedule =
= Presentation schedule =
* 11. sept:
** Georg: Nick Boström [https://simulation-argument.com/ Are we living in simulation]. Vt taustaks [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Bostrom Nick Boström (wiki)] ja [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation_hypothesis taust/analüüs wikis]. Googelda juurde veel analüüse/arvamusi/vastuväiteid.
** Hannaliina: Quine: empirismi kaks dogmat. Linke: [https://www.theologie.uzh.ch/dam/jcr:ffffffff-fbd6-1538-0000-000070cf64bc/Quine51.pdf siin], [https://sidoli.w.waseda.jp/Quine_Two_Dogmas.pdf siin]. Vt ka [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two_Dogmas_of_Empiricism taust/analüüs wikis].
** Eleriin: Confirmation bias, start with [https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21428661-200-the-argumentative-ape-why-were-wired-to-persuade/ this article] and search for more. Vaata lisaks [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confirmation_bias wikist].
* 18. sept:
** Andres (tõstsin üle 11. septembrilt): Putnam: tähendus ja osutus. [https://danielwharris.com/teaching/364online/weeks/3/Putnam.pdf Meaning and reference]. Lisaks tasub vaadata [https://faculty.washington.edu/smcohen/453/PutnamDisplay.pdf ülevaadet]. Vaata ka  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_constructionism  Social_constructionism wikis] ja ntx [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2654557?seq=4 siin] ja taustaks kindlasti [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/functionalism/ Functionalism (SEP)], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functionalism_(philosophy_of_mind) Functionalism (wiki)]: Googelda artiklile juurde seletusi/analüüse.
** Danyil: neurons are more complicated than we thought.
** Viktoria: Strawson: tähendus ja tõde (meaning and truth). One [https://www.scribd.com/doc/101020068/Strawson-Meaning-and-Truth fulltext here]. Look at SEP about [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/strawson/ Strawson]. There is a Robinson's podcast [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1XJ5k4GY83E video episode about the Strawson approach (at ca 1:21)] and another podcast [https://partiallyexaminedlife.com/2018/07/23/ep195-1-austin-strawson/ episode] about the context of Strawson/Austin debate on theme.
** Liisi: Intuitsionistlik loogika: näited teoreemidest, mis kehtivad klassikaliselt, kuid mitte intuitsionistlikult. Näiteid tõestustest, millel lihtne klassikaline, kuid keeruline intuitsionistlik tõestus (standardnäide: ruutjuur kahest on irratsionaalne, vt näiteks [https://www.mathsisfun.com/numbers/square-root-2-irrational.html siit] ja googelda juurde). Vaata intuitsionisliku loogika kohta [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intuitionistic_logic wikist] ja [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/logic-intuitionistic/ SEPist]. NB! Intuitsionistlik loogika on oluline teema matemaatika filosoofias: Tanel teeb sellele hilisemates loengutes eraldi sissejuhatuse.
* 25. sept
** Raul (moved here from 18. sept): [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Dummett Dummett]: Truth. One fulltext [https://www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/kk3n/epistclass/dummett.pdf here]. You may also want to read comments like [https://askaphilosopher.org/2017/03/04/michael-dummetts-truth/ this] and background like [https://iep.utm.edu/scientific-realism-antirealism/ this]
** Kauri: Ramsey subjektiivne tõenäosusteooria. [http://fitelson.org/probability/ramsey.pdf Full text] of his paper. Important background: [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/probability-interpret/ interpretations of probability], esp "The Subjective Interpretation" and [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ramsey/#PartBeliSubjProb specifically about Ramsey's views].
** Jonatan: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropic_principle antroopsusprintsiip]. See the [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/cosmology/#AnthReasMult take by SEP]. A good listen by a theoretical physicist [https://www.preposterousuniverse.com/podcast/tag/anthropic-principle/ is here]. You may want to have a look at the [https://anthropic-principle.com/anthropic-bias/ book] by Nick Boström, the classic [https://sseh.uchicago.edu/doc/Carter_Phil_Trans_1983.pdf full paper] by Brandon Carter, and [https://alta3b.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/The-Anthropic-Cosmological-Principle-John-Barrow.pdf the full book] by Barrow and Tipler. Related tidbit: there is a very early paper about the [https://www.digar.ee/arhiiv/nlib-digar:101387 anthropic principle in microcosmos] by Tanel, closely related to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boltzmann_brain Boltzmann brain].
* 2 okt
** Epp: Tarski: semantiline tõekontseptsioon. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Tarski About Tarski]. The [https://sites.ualberta.ca/~francisp/Phil426/TarskiTruth1944.pdf original paper] and [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/tarski-truth/ the SEP explanations/details/background]
* 9 okt
** Mihkel: pragmatism. Start with [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pragmatism/ the SEP article] and search for more.
** Anzelika: infinity: Ordinaalid ja kardinaalid. Maybe start with a good exposition at [https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/6352/what-is-the-difference-between-an-ordinal-number-and-a-cardinal-number  in this discussion]. Continue with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinality cardinals] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinal_number ordinals] in wiki, check out [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell%27s_paradox Russell's paradox], read about [https://people.maths.ox.ac.uk/knight/lectures/ordinals.pdf transfinite ordinals]
** Otto: main points of Chomsky's theories of language. This is so widely discussed that it is easy to google. You may want to listen to some podcasts with Chomsky himself: for example, [https://podbay.fm/p/robinsons-podcast/e/1679583620 this] and [https://lexfridman.com/noam-chomsky this]. Certainly read about criticism. You may want to listen to [https://lexfridman.com/edward-gibson this episode] with a critical analysis of Chomsky.
** Enrico: Paul Grice: "meaning" and overview of other important parts of Grice claims and theory. This is also so widely discussed that it is easy to google. Start with  [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/grice/ SEP]. Some nice intros to implicatures: [https://www.bu.edu/linguistics/UG/course/lx502/_docs/lx502-implicatures.pdf here] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implicature this wikipage]. [https://www.ucl.ac.uk/ls/studypacks/Grice-Logic.pdf Grice himself about this stuff]. [http://lingphil.mit.edu/papers/fox/class_1.pdf More detailed] stuff. Check also [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relevance_theory the relevance theory]. Certainly look through a very nice [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGJGIWqnSFY video] about flouting/violating the maxims in relation to irony, sarcasm and jokes.
<!--
* These were planned, but not presented at 2. Oct. Please also prepare for 9. oct, with a possibility that they will be presented at later dates. In case you do not plan to continue the course, please let me know and we will redistribute to other students:
** Rannar: Dennett: kvaalide kvainimine (quining qualia). Full text [https://web-archive.southampton.ac.uk/cogprints.org/254/ here]. About the views of Dennett [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316513753_Illusionism_as_the_obvious_default_theory_of_consciousness by himself] and [https://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/the-illusionist others]. Some [https://www.reddit.com/r/askphilosophy/comments/izbzhd/why_does_daniel_dennett_in_quining_qualia_assert/ discussion on reddit]. Wikipedia about [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualia qualia].
** Roman: How do bacteria and simple organisms communicate. Start with this [https://www.ted.com/talks/bonnie_bassler_how_bacteria_talk?subtitle=en TED talk] and search for more. For example, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/24993610?seq=1 a SciAm article], [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7275189_Keller_L_Surette_MG_Communication_in_bacteria_an_ecological_and_evolutionary_perspective_Nat_Rev_Microbiol_4_249-258 this] is an in-depth paper, [https://kids.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2019.00001 this] handles bacteria working through insects.
** Marek: Frege: Frege tähendusest ja osutusest. Read [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sense_and_reference an overview/background from wikipedia] and Frege's own paper [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2181485 On Sense and Reference]. There is a [https://youtu.be/sDlFaOn71n8?si=dlhk_xJodh8vYnFz youtube video] about the paper. See SEP [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/frege/ on Frege], [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/frege-logic/ Frege's logic] and wikipedia about [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begriffsschrift  Begriffsschrift] (the book inventing predicate calculus).
** Hanna: solipsism. Certainly consider several types of solipsism, starting from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solipsism wiki]. See also [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methodological_solipsism methodological solipsism] and [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/methodological-individualism/ methodological individualism] in contrast to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Externalism externalism] of Putnam etc
-->
* 16 okt
** Viktor: Frame problem. Good stuff to read, maybe in that order [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/frame-problem/ SEP], [https://folk.idi.ntnu.no/gamback/teaching/TDT4138/dennett84.pdf Dennett], [https://people.cs.pitt.edu/~milos/courses/cs2740/Lectures/class14.pdf Blocks world example], [http://www-formal.stanford.edu/leora/fp.pdf Morgenstern]. Beware that none of the various "solutions" are not really satisfactory: they should be considered as possible approaches, not solutions.
** Lulof: Kant's [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-judgment/ theory of judgement].
** Enrico: statistical machine translation, incl major waves/paradigms of machine translation.
* 23 okt
** Lulof: Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus vs Philosophical Investigations. Also: background and influences (like, for PI pragmatism via Ramsey). Tanel has done a very brief intro to the topic, so we can continue from there. I.e recall Tractatus, but do not spend much time there, assuming we have already looked into this. Spend more time on PI and especially the comparison between the Tractatus phase (early Wittgenstein) and PI phase (late Wittgenstein). This is a popular topic, easy to google.
** Enrico: Kripke semantics of modal logics. Also, check out the relevant materials from the section "Infinity, logic and philosophy of mathematics" above.
** Georg: Dennett: kvaalide kvainimine (quining qualia). Full text [https://web-archive.southampton.ac.uk/cogprints.org/254/ here]. About the views of Dennett [https://sites.tufts.edu/cogstud/dan-dennett-recent-work/ by himself] (search for e.g. "Welcome to Strong Illusionism") and [https://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/the-illusionist others]. Some [https://www.reddit.com/r/askphilosophy/comments/izbzhd/why_does_daniel_dennett_in_quining_qualia_assert/ discussion on reddit]. Wikipedia about [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualia qualia].
** Hannaliina: How do bacteria and simple organisms communicate. Start with this [https://www.ted.com/talks/bonnie_bassler_how_bacteria_talk?subtitle=en TED talk] and search for more. For example, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/24993610?seq=1 a SciAm article],  [https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_26B3AF6DB885.P001/REF.pdf this] (alternatively [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7275189_Keller_L_Surette_MG_Communication_in_bacteria_an_ecological_and_evolutionary_perspective_Nat_Rev_Microbiol_4_249-258 here]) is an in-depth paper, [https://kids.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2019.00001 this] handles bacteria working through insects.
* 30 okt
** Lulof: About the paper "Computational irreducibility and compatibilism: towards a formalization". Free will issues connected to computation.
** Eleriin: Frege (first part of the presentation): Frege tähendusest ja osutusest. Read [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sense_and_reference an overview/background from wikipedia] and Frege's own paper [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2181485 On Sense and Reference]. There is a [https://youtu.be/sDlFaOn71n8?si=dlhk_xJodh8vYnFz youtube video] about the paper. See SEP [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/frege/ on Frege], [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/frege-logic/ Frege's logic] and wikipedia about [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begriffsschrift  Begriffsschrift] (the book inventing predicate calculus).
** Andres: solipsism. Certainly consider several types of solipsism, starting from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solipsism wiki]. See also [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methodological_solipsism methodological solipsism] and [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/methodological-individualism/ methodological individualism] in contrast to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Externalism externalism] of Putnam etc
* 6. November, biology/evolution focused themes:
** Eleriin: Frege: second part of the presentation (no biology here)
** Andres: Karl Friston and the free energy principle . A useful[https://www.preposterousuniverse.com/podcast/2020/03/09/87-karl-friston-on-brains-predictions-and-free-energy/ podcast episode] and the [https://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/~karl/ homepage].
** Viktoria: Antonio Damasio and the origin of important stuff in homeostasis. [https://www.preposterousuniverse.com/podcast/2019/04/29/episode-44-antonio-damasio-on-feelings-thoughts-and-the-evolution-of-humanity/ Interview] and a [https://www.ted.com/speakers/antonio_damasio ted talk]. See also https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_marker_hypothesis
** Liisi: Donald D. Hoffman and the user interface (MUI) theory of mind. Easy to google, highly popular.
* 13. November, agency & extras:
** Tanel will present the draft of agency questionnaire and we will discuss and improve it interactively.
** Danyil, moved from 30 Oct: Main points from Clark in the [https://samharris.org/episode/SEF4786499D Andy Clark] episode (predictive brain, embodied cognition, and the extended mind) full version from the [https://www.samharris.org/podcasts/making-sense-episodes Making sense] podcast by Sam Harris. If the full version link does not work for some reason, check out the shorter version [https://www.samharris.org/podcasts/making-sense-episodes/322-predicting-reality here] and ask Tanel for help. You may also want to google papers by Andy Clark and/or select for reading some papers from the [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=JLYTMxgAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=ao scholar site] or [https://profiles.sussex.ac.uk/p493-andy-clark/publications his own site].
** Otto, moved from 6 Nov: Randy Gallistel on memory [https://braininspired.co/podcast/126/ interview 1] and maybe also [https://codykommers.substack.com/p/79-randy-gallistel#details interview 2]. Some additional background: [https://www.lifeiscomputation.com/the-truth-about-the-not-so-universal-approximation-theorem/ here]
** If we have time, Tanel will speak about various current AI philosophy themes and about the neurosymbolic reasoning research area.
* 20. November, continuing evolution
** Raul: Mike Frank: Early Language and Cognition. [https://braininspired.co/podcast/171/ Interview] and perhaps a longer [https://langcog.stanford.edu/papers_new/goodman-2016-tics.pdf paper 1] and [https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/yhrb4 paper 2]
** Kauri: Evolution of morals. alusta [http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/spiegel-interview-with-edward-wilson-on-the-formation-of-morals-a-884767.html siit] ja otsi ise edasi. Vaata ka [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_morality wiki põhiartiklit] ja [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altruism_(biology) lähedalt seotud altruismi teemat]. Important background is [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociobiology sociobiology] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology evolutionary psychology].
** Jonatan: Anil Seth on consciousness.  A useful [https://www.preposterousuniverse.com/podcast/2021/10/11/168-anil-seth-on-emergence-information-and-consciousness/ podcast episode] and a [https://www.anilseth.com/ homepage].
** Epp: Symbolic_interactionism https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
* 27. November: complex systems and weird/radical worldviews
** Mihkel: David Krakauer about complex systems. See https://davidckrakauer.com/ and listen to https://www.preposterousuniverse.com/podcast/2023/07/10/242-david-krakauer-on-complexity-agency-and-information/
** Anzelika: panpsychism and Philip Goff. A useful [https://www.preposterousuniverse.com/podcast/2019/11/04/71-philip-goff-on-consciousness-everywhere/ podcast episode]. Also, have a quick intro look into the “hard problem of consciousness” of Chalmers.
** Otto: Max Tegmark and the mathematical multiverse. A useful [https://www.preposterousuniverse.com/podcast/2019/12/02/75-max-tegmark-on-reality-simulation-and-the-multiverse/ podcast episode].
** Andres: Wolfram's theory of the world, using hypergraphs. A useful [https://www.preposterousuniverse.com/podcast/2021/07/12/155-stephen-wolfram-on-computation-hypergraphs-and-fundamental-physics/ podcast] and [https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2023/10/how-to-think-computationally-about-ai-the-universe-and-everything/ ted talk] and [https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2020/04/finally-we-may-have-a-path-to-the-fundamental-theory-of-physics-and-its-beautiful/ some earlier writings]
* 4. December: more complexity, then probabilities, motivation, causation and friends
** Viktor: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_theory Assembly Theory]. See also [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06600-9 a Nature paper]. Recommended: especially, a good [https://www.samharris.org/podcasts/making-sense-episodes/388-what-is-life discussion] with [https://www.santafe.edu/people/profile/sara-walker Sara Walker], and [https://lexfridman.com/lee-cronin-3/ another] with [https://www.santafe.edu/people/profile/leroy-lee-cronin Lee Cronin].
** Enrico: Kahneman & Tversky: briefly about Prospect theory and more on System 1 and System 2 thinking
** Lulof: Judea Pearl on causality. A useful [https://www.preposterousuniverse.com/podcast/2022/05/09/196-judea-pearl-on-cause-and-effect/ podcast episode] and [https://lexfridman.com/judea-pearl another] and [https://www.samharris.org/podcasts/making-sense-episodes/164-cause-effect yet another] and [http://bayes.cs.ucla.edu/jp_home.html homepage].
** Otto: David Deutsch and the probabilistic (or rather, not) nature of scientific theories. A [https://www.preposterousuniverse.com/podcast/2023/10/16/253-david-deutsch-on-science-complexity-and-explanation/ useful podcast]. Also the [https://www.daviddeutsch.org.uk/papersarticles/ homepage]. Here is one [https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspa.2014.0540 complicated paper] on constructor theory, as a potential additional deep source.
* 11. December: reserve.
** Probably some presentations planned for earlier will be moved here, for various reasons
** Tanel will speak about several themes
** The agency questionnaire: current state / results / etc
* 18. December: exam stuff
** Q&A about the exam
** We will quickly go over main exam materials, possible questions etc


= Initial ideas for the agency experiment =
= Initial ideas for the agency experiment =

Redaktsioon: 3. september 2025, kell 20:30

märgid
märgid

Code: ITV9070
Link: http://lambda.ee/wiki/Semantika_ja_anal%C3%BC%C3%BCtiline_filosoofia
Title: Semantics and Analytical Philosophy Archive: year 2024 archive
Lecturer: Tanel Tammet
Contact: tanel.tammet@ttu.ee, 6203457, ICT 426

"A sign is anything that can be used to tell a lie." --Umberto Eco

“I’m writing a book on magic,” I explain, and I’m asked, “Real magic?” By real magic people mean miracles, thaumaturgical acts, and supernatural powers. “No,” I answer: “Conjuring tricks, not real magic.” Real magic, in other words, refers to the magic that is not real, while the magic that is real, that can actually be done, is not real magic. --Lee Siegel

Recordings

Several recordings will be available, but we do not plan to record most lectures/seminars.


Time, place, credits

Time: Every Friday 13:00 - 15:15

Normally we will have student presentations during the lecture time, along with planning following presentations and brief intros by the lecturer. Location:

  • Normally: SOC-314
  • Sometimes: telco over teams (these will be announced a week earlier)

Credits: 6

The lectures will be in English, unless everybody understands Estonian, in which case they will be in Estonian.

The presentations in practice sessions can be given in English or Estonian, as you prefer.

The contents of practice sessions are presentations by students and their discussion. For all students, presence in the practice sessions is important and is accounted for in the final grade.

We will probably succeed with saving the videos of lectures: will check out during the first weeks.

The course will finish with a written exam. The materials below marked with a red E will be critical for studying for the exam, while the materials marked with blue L are also used but less important. Materials without such marks will not be used for the exam questions.

In order to be allowed to take the exam,

  • each Ph.D student should give at least four presentations.
  • each master student should give at least two presentations. In case it turns out we will have enough time, an additional third short presentation might be asked for.

Presentations are not graded, but when they are determined not to be satfisfactory, they should be re-done.

The lecture times will be used for both

  • Short intros to thematic blocks by Tanel
  • Student presentations

NB! Presence at student presentations will be registered: failing to participate at many presentations will have a negative effect on the final grade.

Initial course plan, materials and topics

We consider several topics in the philosophy of language and mind, starting from general and classical ones and moving to more specific and modern.

The main goal of the lectures is to make it easier to understand the concepts and ideas in the topics, in order to better understand the reading materials.

Intro, semiotics and classical analytic philosophy

Main materials:

Useful to read/listen:

About the alphabet:


Notes on structuralism, deconstruction and friends:

Notes on Propp:

Notes on the Vienna circle and logical positivism:

Evolution of brain, intelligence and society

Sociobiology, evolutionary psychology and memetics.

Main material:

Recommended overviews:

Recommended books:

Important papers:

Additional notes and recommendations, not obligatory:

Brain science

Intro material

For exam:

Good general overviews:

Important podcasts:


General notes:

Read also:

Infinity, logic and philosophy of mathematics

The first topic is intro to the philosophy of mathematics, mainly the questions of infinity and unsolvability.

Materials to read:

Videos have heads down:

More about infinity and computability:

Helpful read: cardinality wikipedias. Read more about Gödel's incompleteness theorem from SEP: a part of a larger incompleteness-article.

A longer story about the philosophy of mathematics from SEP.

Nonclassical logics, related to the philosophy of mathematics:


More on nonclassical logics:

Thinking and AI

Notes for the overview talk

Classic ideas about the main questions of AI philosophy (close to the questions about functionalism):

First, a somewhat old interview with a classic:

Read the wiki pages of main issues:

Technical stuff from Graziano about neuroscience related to consciousness:

Detailed arguments and counterarguments for the

Some good core stuff


Living classics from the lex fridman podcast:


Semantics of natural language

We will look into both

  • Vector semantics
  • Semantics based on world model

Details will be added when the block starts

Dialog, pragmatics, uncertain knowledge

The first subject is dialogue pragmatics. Several related branches (have a brief look, but no need to read deeply unless you become interested):

To start, certainly look/listen these short lectures:

In case you just want to read original Grice:

Have a look at

Additionally, nice to listen and :


The next theme is uncertain information and probabilities: how to understand, write down and make conjectures.


Read this intro: Numeric uncertainty (L as explained next):

  • Certainly up the the section "Different ways to encode confidences in logic", also looking at the wikipages pointed to
  • Briefly look into the following sections, but do not focus or spend much time on these. The Numeric uncertainty intro was originally made for this course.

Then read the first parts and have brief looks at the SEP articles:

Here are some of our papers on our system, about confidence and reasoning with exceptions.


Recommended podcasts

  • The Gradient: a good AI podcast, relatively deep, several philosophical themes / episodes. Discontinued, but archives present.
  • Brain Inspired: real neuroscience with focus on AI related themes.
  • Philosophy bites: real philosophers conveying ideas rather clearly in ca 15 minutes
  • Robinsons podcast: Really good stuff with famous philosophers and related thinkers. One example: Donald Hoffman.
  • Making sense by Sam Harris sometimes does deep interviews with philosophers, like the following highly recommended Andy Clark episode (predictive brain, embodied cognition, and the extended mind) full version. If that does not work for some reason, check out the shorter version here.
  • Highly popular Lex Fridman podcast has sometimes deep interviews with AI and comp sci peaople. Specifically about AI I'd recommend some widely different views from Francois Chollet, Yann LeCun, Gary Marcus, Demis Hassabis, Ilya Sutskever, Ben Goertzel.
  • The Mindscape podcast of an important physicist has often quite philosophically interesting or cognitive science and AI interviews. Some recommendations: Blaise Agüera y Arcas, David Krakauer, Christoph Adami, Peter Godfrey-Smith, Yejin Choi, Hugo Mercier, Andrew Pontzen.

Presentation schedule

Initial ideas for the agency experiment

Draft questionnaire for agency

Initial ideas:

Agency / Intelligence / consciousness / sentience

Agency measure: social question?? Let us make a questionnaire and ask students!

facets/dimensions

  • more intelligent has more agency
  • more money, then more agency
  • more free, more agency
  • physically strong
  • ability is not the same as will (avoid free will issue)
  • more facets??

comparisons for objects like

  • rocks/waterfall/earth/virus/bacteria/worm/dog/human/computer/clock/phone ... / country
  • small rock / meteorite / flying rock
  • different software kinds?
  • short term / long term
  • rock / sculpture
  • effect of environment on people

What to do:

  • google about agency discussions
  • questionnaire suggestions

Important: sensible comparison items for different facets; also how to ask?

Agency questionnaire draft development

Some themes for selection

Ideas for the first rounds from this book (search originals from the web):

  • Putnam: tähendus ja osutus. (Meaning and reference)
  • Quine: empirismi kaks dogmat. (Two dogmas of empiricism)
  • Dummett: Truth.
  • Tarski: semantiline tõekontseptsioon.
  • Strawson: tähendus ja tõde
  • Ramsey subjektiivne tõenäosusteooria.

Further:

  • Analytic / synthetic vs apriori / aposteriori (Kant etc)
  • Frege: Frege tähendusest ja osutusest.
  • Dennett: kvaalide kvainimine (quining qualia).
  • Paul Grice: "meaning" and overview of other important parts of Grice claims and theory.
  • Nick Boström "are we living in simulation". http://www.simulation-argument.com/ and http://www.nickbostrom.com/
  • Evolution of morals. alusta siit ja otsi ise edasi.


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