Lehekülje Gk: tavamõtlemise mehhaniseerimise proge koos näidetega lähteteksti vaatamine

Arendusversioon tavamõtlemise järeldamismootorist gk koos väikeste näidetega. Gk töötab ainult linuxis.

[http://dijkstra.cs.ttu.ee/~tammet/gk23nov.gz gk23nov.gz] tee gunzip ja chmod +x gk23nov

Co-occurrence maatriksitega katsetamiseks 
* Lae alla nende wikipediast põhjal ehitatud [http://dijkstra.cs.ttu.ee/~tammet/gk_relatedwords.txt gk_relatedwords.txt]  ja [http://dijkstra.cs.ttu.ee/~tammet/gk_similarity_wiki.txt gk_similarity_wiki.txt]. Taustaks: need failid on ehitatud [http://dijkstra.cs.ttu.ee/~tammet/wikicooccurrence.tar.gz nende vektorite] baasil, mis on omakorda ehitatud nendest andmefailidest: [http://dijkstra.cs.ttu.ee/~tammet/wikicompact.tar.gz  a compacted pure-text version of full wikipedia] ja [http://dijkstra.cs.ttu.ee/~tammet/wikilemma.tar.gz A lemmatized version of wikipedia texts].
* muuda faili gk_similarity_wiki.txt nimi selliseks: gk_similarity.txt
* kopeeri endale fail [[dummy.js]]
* Lase gk23nov niimoodi käima (see võtab minu laptopil ca 5 sekundit ja ehitab mällu 3 gigase andmebaasi): <tt>./gk3nov dummy.js -readkb -similarities -relatedwords -mbsize 3000</tt>
* Katseta ja muuda 'paths,...' sõnu: <tt style="font-color: blue">./gk23nov -usekb -task 'paths,king,queen'</tt> 

Järeldusmootoriga katsetamiseks eelmainitud faile peale <tt>gk23nov</tt> executable vaja ei ole. Kopeeri endale järgmisi faile ja katseta nendega nii (<tt>failinimi</tt> asemel pane tegelik failinimi.<tt>): ./gk23nov failinimi</tt>

Süntaksist arusaamiseks uuri ja loe [https://logictools.org/json.html siit näiteid] ja ehk [https://logictools.org/index.html siit lisaks] baasmehhanismidest arusaamiseks (logictools.org näidetes ja mehhanismides ei ole tõenäosusi, erandeid, sarnasusi jne, mis on olemas gk23nov mehhanismides).

Lihtne info kumuleerimine:
<pre>
[
{
 "@name":"a1", 
 "@confidence": 0.5,
 "@role":"axiom",
 "@logic":["bird","a"]
},
{
 "@name":"a2", 
 "@confidence": 0.6,
 "@role":"axiom",
 "@logic":["bird","a"]
},
{
 "@name":"q", 
 "@role": "question",    
 "@logic": ["bird","a"]
}
]
</pre>

Esimene sotsiaalsete mõjude näide:
<pre>
[
{"@confidence": 0.3, "@logic": ["smokes","?:X"]},
{"@confidence": 0.1, "@logic": ["friends","?:X","?:Y"]},
{"@confidence": 0.9, "@logic": [["friends","?:X","?:Y"],"=>",["friends","?:Y","?:X"]]},
{"@confidence": 0.6, "@logic": ["susceptible","?:X"]},
{"@confidence": 0.2, "@logic": 
   [[["smokes","?:Y"],"&",["friends","?:X","?:Y"],"&",["susceptible","?:X"]],"=>",["smokes","?:X"]]},

{"@confidence": 1.0, "@logic": ["friends","chris","sam"]},
{"@confidence": 1.0, "@logic": ["smokes","chris"]},
   
{"@question": ["smokes","sam"]}
]
</pre>

Teine sotsiaalsete mõjude näide:
<pre>
[
{"@confidence": 0.8, "@logic": ["stress","ann"]},
{"@confidence": 0.4, "@logic": ["stress","bob"]},
{"@confidence": 0.6, "@logic": ["influences","ann","bob"]},
{"@confidence": 0.2, "@logic": ["influences","bob","carl"]},
{"@confidence": 1.0, "@logic": [["stress","?:X"],"=>",["smokes","?:X"]]},
{"@confidence": 1.0, "@logic": [[["smokes","?:Y"],"&",["influences","?:Y","?:X"]],"=>",["smokes","?:X"]]},

{"@question": ["smokes","carl"]}
]
</pre>

Läheduse näide:
<pre>

// a chain of objects near each other

[
  
  {"@logic":["near","c1","c2"]},
  {"@logic":["near","c2","c3"]},
  {"@logic":["near","c3","c4"]},
  {"@logic":["near","c4","c5"]},
  {"@logic":["near","c5","c6"]},
  {"@logic":["near","c6","c7"]},
  {"@logic":["near","c7","c8"]},
  {"@logic":["near","c8","c9"]},
  {"@logic":["near","c9","c10"]},

  // add the following additional information
  // for seeing the effects of cumulating information

  // {"@logic":["near","c1","c5"], "@confidence": 50}, 
  // {"@logic":["near","c5","c10"], "@confidence": 50},
 
  {"@logic":[["-near","?:X","?:Y"],["-near","?:Y","?:Z"],["near","?:X","?:Z"]],
   "@confidence": 90},

  {"@question": ["near","c1","c10"]}

]
</pre>


Pingviini näide vaikimisi reeglitega: taustaks tasub vaadata [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Default_logic Default logic]
<pre>
[
{"@logic": ["bird","b"]},
{"@logic": ["penguin","p"]},
{"@logic": ["ostrich","ostr"]},
{"@logic": ["object","o"]},

{"@logic": [["-ostrich","?:X"],["bird","?:X"]]},
{"@logic": [["-penguin","?:X"],["bird","?:X"]]},
{"@logic": [["bird","?:X"],"=>",["object","?:X"]]},

{"@logic": [["penguin","?:X"],"=>",["-flies","?:X"]]},
{"@logic": [["ostrich","?:X"],"=>",["-flies","?:X"]]},


{"@logic": [["-bird","?:X"],["flies","?:X"], ["$block", 3, ["$not", ["flies", "?:X"]]]]},
{"@logic": [["-object","?:X"],["-flies","?:X"], ["$block", 2, ["flies", "?:X"]]]},

{"@question": ["-flies","?:X"]}  // who does not fly?
// {"@question": ["flies","?:X"]}  // who does fly?

]
</pre>

Klassifitseerimise näide: siin on nii tõenäosused kui vaikimisi reeglid.
<pre>

[

// the task is to classify three objects: h1 (likely human), b1 (likely bird), a1 (likely airplane)
//
// the question at the end asks to find objects which are likely to be organisms, along with the
// confidence that they are organisms

// here we give observations about parts our three objects have

{"@logic": ["has_part","h1","leg"]},

{"@logic": ["has_part","b1","leg"]},
{"@logic": ["has_part","b1","wing"]},
{"@logic": ["has_part","b1","feathers"]},

{"@logic": ["has_part","a1","engine"]},
{"@logic": ["has_part","a1","wing"]},

// here we give default rules with confidences about classifying as animals, birds, airplanes
// the $block literal says that the application of this rule is not allowed, if the second argument of
// the $block predicate can be proved

// as an example, the first rule says that if something has a leg, then with the 50% confidence it is an animal, unless we can prove
// that it is not an animal

{"@logic": [["has_part","?:X","leg"],"=>",[["isa","?:X","animal"],"|",["$block", ["$","animal"], ["$not", ["isa","?:X","animal"]]]]], "@confidence":50},
{"@logic": [["has_part","?:X","leg"],"=>",[["isa","?:X","bird"],"|",["$block", ["$","bird"], ["$not", ["isa","?:X","bird"]]]]], "@confidence":50},

{"@logic": [["has_part","?:X","wing"],"=>",[["isa","?:X","bird"],"|",["$block", ["$","bird"], ["$not", ["isa","?:X","bird"]]]]], "@confidence":60},
{"@logic": [["has_part","?:X","feathers"],"=>",[["isa","?:X","bird"],"|",["$block", ["$","animal"], ["$not", ["isa","?:X","animal"]]]]], "@confidence":80},

{"@logic": [["has_part","?:X","wing"],"=>",[["isa","?:X","airplane"],"|",["$block", ["$","airplane"], ["$not", ["isa","?:X","airplane"]]]]], "@confidence":40},

// a strict rule saying that if something has an engine as a part, then this thing is not an organism

{"@logic": [["has_part","?:X","engine"],"=>",["-isa","?:X","organism"]]},

// a taxonomy: animals and birds are organisms, airplanes are not organisms

{"@logic": [["isa","?:X","animal"],"=>",["isa","?:X","organism"]]},
{"@logic": [["isa","?:X","bird"],"=>",["isa","?:X","organism"]]},
{"@logic": [["isa","?:X","airplane"],"=>",["-isa","?:X","organism"]]},

// a question to find objects which are organisms, along with the confidence:

{"@question": ["isa","?:X","organism"]}

]
</pre>

Sarnasuse näide: selle jooksutamiseks kopeeri kõigepelt järgmine jupp failiks nimega <tt>gk_similarity.txt</tt>:
<pre>
queen,12,king,0.9,male$female
king,12,queen,0.9,male$female
penguin,12,ostrich,0.9,
ostrich,12,penguin,0.9,
emu,12,ostrich,0.9,
ostrich,12,emu,0.9,
flies,12,inair,0.8,
inair,12,flies,0.8,
</pre>
ja siis salvesta järgmine näide mingi nimega <tt>failinimi</tt> ja jooksuta masinat niimoodi -similarities võtmega: <tt>./gk23nov failinimi -similarities</tt>
<pre>
[

{"@logic": ["isa","queen","q1"]},
{"@logic": ["isa","queen","q2"]},
{"@logic": ["prop","male","q2"]},

{"@logic": ["isa","king","k1"]},

{"@logic": [["isa", "queen","?:X"],  "=>", ["prop","female","?:X"]]},

{"@logic": [["prop","female","?:X"], "=>", ["-prop","male","?:X"]]},

{"@logic": [["isa","king","?:X"], "=>", ["prop","rich","?:X"]]},
{"@logic": [["isa","king","?:X"], "=>", ["prop","male","?:X"]]},
{"@logic": [["isa","king","?:X"], "=>", ["-prop","poor","?:X"]]},


//{"@logic": [["-queen","?:X"],["king","?:X"]], "@confidence":0.9},
//{"@logic": [["-king","?:X"],["male","?:X"]]},

{"@question": ["prop","?:X","q1"]}

]
</pre>

Olukordade ja sündmuste jada näide:
<pre>
// Story: 
// "A man entered a room containing a table. He wore a black suite. Then the man left the room". 

// We have three situations: s1, s2, s3:
// s1: nothing initially known
// s2: man has entered the room
// s3: man has exited the room

// New situations are generated by events.

// We generate new unique identifiers room1, sit1, table1, man1, sit2, sit3 etc
// while encoding the story to logic.

// The encoder has to understand that the room and the man is the same in all
// situations and thus use the same identifiers man1 and room1 in all situations.

//  * Event 1: A man entered a room containing a table. 

[

// initial status generated by the first sentence  

{"@logic":["isa","room1","room"]},
{"@logic":["isa","table1","table"]},
{"@logic":["in","table1","room1","sit1"]},

{"@logic":["isa","event1","event"]},  
{"@logic":["event_type","event1","enter"]},
{"@logic":["event_actor","event1","man1"]},
{"@logic":["event_target","event1","room1"]},

{"@logic":["isa","man1","man"]},
{"@logic":["situationfrom","event1","sit1"]},

// a default "unlikely anything is inside" rule for the initial situation

{"@logic":[["-in","?:X","?:Y","sit1"], ["$block",["$","in"],["in","?:X","?:Y","sit1"]]],
 "@confidence": 90},

    
// * Situation 2: generated by the entering event.

{"@logic":["situationto","event1","sit2"]},
{"@logic":["nextsituation","sit1","sit2"]},

//{"@logic":["in","man1","room1","sit2"]}, // this is generated by the entering rule
{"@logic":["in",["clothes","man1","sit1"],"room1","sit2"]},
{"@logic":["in",["carriedstuff","man1","sit1"],"room1","sit2"]},

/* // we use a generic rule instead
{"@logic":[["in","?:X","?:Y","sit1"],
           "=>",
           [["in","?:X","?:Y","sit2"],"|",["$block",["$","in"],["$not",["in","?:X","?:Y","sit2"]]]]]},

{"@logic":[["-in","?:X","?:Y","sit1"],
           "=>",
           [["-in","?:X","?:Y","sit2"],"|",["$block",["$","in"],["in","?:X","?:Y","sit2"]]]]},
*/

// * Situation 2 statement: He wore a black suit.

{"@logic":["color",["clothes","man1","sit2"],"#:black","sit2"]}, 
   // #:black says that #:black is not equal to #:red, #:dog, #:man1 etc: anything different

{"@logic":["clothingtype",["clothes","man1","sit2"],"suite","sit2"]},
   // no question examples for clothingtype: making questions is an exercise :)


// * Event 2: Then the man left the room.

{"@logic":["isa","event2","event"]},  
{"@logic":["event_type","event2","leave"]},
{"@logic":["event_actor","event2","man1"]},
{"@logic":["event_target","event2","room1"]},

{"@logic":["situationfrom","event2","sit2"]},
{"@logic":["situationto","event2","sit3"]},
{"@logic":["nextsituation","sit2","sit3"]},

/* // we use a generic rule instead
{"@logic":[["in","?:X","?:Y","sit2"],
           "=>",
           [["in","?:X","?:Y","sit3"],"|",["$block",["$","in"],["$not",["in","?:X","?:Y","sit3"]]]]]},

{"@logic":[["-in","?:X","?:Y","sit2"],
           "=>",
           [["-in","?:X","?:Y","sit3"],"|",["$block",["$","in"],["in","?:X","?:Y","sit3"]]]]},
*/

// rules for entering and exiting


{"@logic":[["&",["isa","?:E","event"],["event_type","?:E","enter"],["event_actor","?:E","?:A"],["event_target","?:E","?:T"],
                ["situationto","?:E","?:S"]],
           "=>",
           ["in","?:A","?:T","?:S"]]},


{"@logic":[["&",["isa","?:E","event"],["event_type","?:E","leave"],["event_actor","?:E","?:A"],["event_target","?:E","?:T"],
            ["situationto","?:E","?:S"]],
       "=>",
       ["-in","?:A","?:T","?:S"]]},

// rule for default persistance of being inside something

{"@logic":[[["in","?:X","?:Y","?:S1"],"&",["nextsituation","?:S1","?:S2"]],
          "=>",
          [["in","?:X","?:Y","?:S2"],"|",["$block",["$","in"],["$not",["in","?:X","?:Y","?:S2"]]]]]},

// rules for default persistance of clothes


{"@logic":[["&",[["clothes","?:X","?:S1"],"=","?:C1"],["nextsituation","?:S1","?:S2"]],
            "=>",
           [["=",["clothes","?:X","?:S2"],"?:C1"],"|",["$block",["$","color"],["$not",["=",["clothes","?:X","?:S2"],"?:C1"]]]]] },

// rules for default persistance of color 

{"@logic":[["&",["color","?:X","?:C","?:S1"],["nextsituation","?:S1","?:S2"]],
           "=>",
           [["color","?:X","?:C","?:S2"],"|",["$block",["$","color"],["$not",["color","?:X","?:C","?:S2"]]]]] },

// rules for uniqueness of color

//{"@logic": ["-=","black","red"]}, // we do not need this if we use #:black and #:red

{"@logic": [[["color","?:X","?:C","?:S"],"&",["!=","?:C","?:C1"]],
             "=>",
            ["-color","?:X","?:C1","?:S"]]},

// useless rules generating infinite amounts of stuff to avoid simple termination
/*    
{"@logic":[["-isa","?:X","?:Y"],["isa",["foo","?:X"],"?Y"]]},
{"@logic":[["-isa",["foo","?:X"],"?:Y"],["isa","?:X","?Y"]]},
*/

// default rule for persistance of not being inside

{"@logic":[[["-in","?:X","?:Y","?:S1"],"&",["nextsituation","?:S1","?:S2"]],
   "=>",
   [["-in","?:X","?:Y","?:S2"],"|",["$block",["$","in"],["in","?:X","?:Y","?:S2"]]]]},

// some questions to try

//{"@question": ["isa","?:X","man"]}
//{"@question": ["in","table1","room1","sit3"]}
//{"@question": ["in","chair1","room1","sit3"]}
// {"@question": ["in","man1","room1","sit2"]}
//{"@question": ["-in","man1","room1","sit1"]}  
//{"@question": ["-in","man1","room1","sit2"]}
{"@question": ["in","man1","room1","?:S"]}  // in which situations is there a man in the room?
//{"@question": ["-in","man1","room1","?:S"]}
//{"@question": ["=",["clothes","man1","sit2"],["clothes","man1","sit3"]]}
//{"@question": ["color",["clothes","man1","sit3"],"#:red","sit3"]}

]
</pre>

<pre>
</pre>

<pre>
</pre>